섬유 지식 – 다양한 염색 방법

직접 염료:
The heat resistance stability of direct dyes is relatively good. Direct dyes can be dissolved in soft water containing soda ash for better solubility. During the dyeing process, first, the dyes should be mixed into a paste form using cold soft water, then boiled the soft water and stirred to dissolve the dyes. After that, the water should be heated to dilute the dyes, and then water should be added to reach the specified liquid volume.
II. Reactive Dyes:
This type of dye is not heat-resistant and is prone to hydrolysis at high temperatures. It is advisable to prepare it in a paste form using cold soft water, and then dissolve it in soft water at an appropriate temperature based on the hydrolysis stability of different dyes. Dilute it with heated soft water, and then cool it down before adding soft water to reach the specified volume.
Low-temperature type (X type): Using cold water or 30-35℃ warm water (has been largely phased out)
High-temperature type (such as K type, HE type, etc.) requires 70 – 80℃ hot water
Medium-temperature type (KN, M type) uses 60 – 70℃ hot water
For substances with low solubility, use 90℃ hot water.
III. Reversal Dyes:
The dissolution process of the还原dyes is a reduction reaction process. During the dissolution process, the temperature for dissolution should be determined according to the reduction conditions of the used reducing agent. For example, the commonly used reducing agent for reducing dyes is sodium hydrosulfite. The optimal usage temperature in the solution is 60℃. If the temperature is too high, a large amount of sodium hydrosulfite will decompose.
(1) Full bath method:
The dye is placed in the dye cup. First, add red oil and a small amount of warm water to mix evenly. Then, add the prescribed amount of caustic soda and bleaching powder, and add soft water to reach the desired bath volume. Finally, perform the reduction process at 55℃.
(2) Dry cylinder method:
Put the dye into the dye cup. Add red oil and a small amount of warm water successively to mix evenly. Then add two-thirds of the amount of caustic soda and the insurance powder, making the dye solution account for one-third of the total volume. The dissolution temperature should be determined according to the reduction conditions of the used reducing agent. Add the remaining caustic soda and insurance powder to the dye cup, and add soft water to the required bath volume.

Sulfur Dyes:
Accurately weigh the required amount of the dye in a beaker, mix it into a paste with cold soft water, then add the previously dissolved sodium sulfide dye solution. Boil for 10 minutes. Dilute with hot soft water, cool down, and add soft water to reach the specified volume.
V. Disperse Dyes:
When the temperature is too high, the disperse dyes are prone to crystallize and precipitate. During the dyeing process, it is advisable to first prepare the slurry with cold soft water, then dye the material with cold soft water below 40℃, and add soft water to reach the specified liquid volume.
VI. Acid Dyes:
The heat resistance stability of acidic dyes is relatively good. When preparing the acidic dye solution, first mix the dye with cold soft water to form a paste, then boil the soft water and stir to dissolve it. Heat the soft water to dilute it, and after cooling, add soft water to reach the specified volume.
VII. Cationic Dyes:
The thermal stability of cationic dyes is relatively good. During the dyeing process, first, use concentrated acetic acid (as a solvent) to mix the dyes into a paste-like state. Then, boil the soft water and stir to dissolve the dyes. Add hot water to dilute, and after cooling, add soft water to reach the specified volume. 섬유 지식 – 다양한 염색 방법